Objective To analyze the application effect of hydrocolloid wound dressing combined with deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel in eye protection of coma patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A total of 40 patients (80 eyes) with moderate to severe coma admitted to the Surgical ICU of our hospital from January to December 2021 were selected. The left eye was the control group, and the right eye was the experimental group. The control group was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride gauze covering the eye, the experimental group was treated with deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel and hydrocolloid wound dressing covering the eye. The eyelid closure, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal edema, tear film rupture time and eye red degree were compared between the two groups. Results The proportion of good eyelid closure in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the proportion of cornea fluorescein staining and corneal edema in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The conjunctival congestion level the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the tear break-up time was longer than that of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrocolloid wound dressing combined with deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel is superior to the traditional method of 0.9% sodium chloride gauze covering in the eye protection of coma patients, which can effectively improve the eyelid closure, promote the repair of ocular surface, alleviate corneal edema, reduce corneal fluorescein staining, improve conjunctival congestion level and prolong tear break-up time.