Objective To investigate the feasibility of all-ceramic veneer restoration after resin filling in the treatment of patients with interproximal caries of upper anterior teeth and its effect on aesthetics. Methods A total of 90 patients with interproximal caries of upper anterior teeth admitted to our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the research objects and divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 45 cases in each group. The control group was repaired with resin filling, and the observation group was repaired with all-ceramic veneer after resin filling. The integrity, color matching and complication rate of the two groups were compared. Results The integrity of the restoration in the observation group was 97.78%, which was higher than 84.44% in the control group (P <0.05). The color matching degree of the observation group was 97.78%, which was higher than 82.22% of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.22%, which was lower than 17.78% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion All-ceramic veneer repair after resin filling has high feasibility in the treatment of patients with interproximal caries of upper anterior teeth, which can improve the integrity and aesthetics of repair, reduce the risk of complications, and is worthy of clinical application.