Objective To compare the bond strength of clear aligner attachments treated with three different dental surfaces methods. Methods A total of 84 premolars extracted from 21 patients with malocclusion due to orthodontic extraction in the Department of Orthodontics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March to May 2022 were collected and randomly divided into group A, group B, group C and group D, with 21 premolars in each group. Group A was the control group without tooth surface treatment, group B was treated with polishing cup, group C was treated with silicon ion, and group D was treated with sandblasting powder. After acid etching, one sample from each group was randomly selected to observe the tooth surface under scanning electron microscope. Each group of remaining samples was equally divided into group 1 and group 2, with 10 pills in each group. Group 1 was bonded with 3 M Z350XT solid resin, and group 2 was bonded with 3 M Z350XT flowable resin. The shear strength of each group was tested and compared. Results There were differences in enamel structure among all groups after dental surface treatment. Among them, the enamel surface of group A without dental surface treatment was rough and the fish-scale enamel structure was basically complete after acid etching. After the polishing cup treatment, the roughness of enamel surface in group B was higher than that in group A, and the irregular structure of enamel between enamel columns was increased. After the silicon-ion treatment, the enamel surface of group C showed obvious sieve structure, the enamel column interstitial dissolved, and the pores increased. The enamel of group D was rougher and unevenly distributed after acid etching. The shear strength of groups B1, C1 and D1 was higher than that of group A1, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The shear strength of groups B2, C2 and D2 was higher than that of group A2, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion All the three treatment methods can increase the bonding strength of the resin attachment. When using solid resin attachments, silicon ion treatment is the best choice to increase the bond strength. The adhesive effect of sandblasting is the best when using flowable resin to bond attachments.