Objective To analyze the role and effectiveness of invisible orthodontic technique without brackets in orthodontic treatment of patients with malocclusion. Methods A total of 70 patients with malocclusion admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University from March 2021 to December 2022 were selected and divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was treated with fixed orthodontic technique, and the observation group was treated with ICWB technique. The periodontal index, laboratory index, labial inclination and protrusion of upper and lower anterior teeth and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results After intervention, the levels of gingival index (GI) and sulcus probing depth (SPD) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI) was lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05). After intervention, the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), chemokine (CX3CL1) and receptor activator ligand (RANKL) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were lower than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After intervention, U1-NA, L1-MP and UI-SN in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while U1-L1 and L1-NB were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05). The scores of satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05). Conclusion The application of ICWB in orthodontic treatment can improve the periodontal index, improve the aesthetics and comfort of teeth, and help to restore the order of dentition, which is worthy of clinical application.