Objective To explore the application effect of vacuum aspiration skin grafting in burn plastic surgery. Methods A total of 80 patients with Ⅲ degree burn admitted to our hospital from December 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 40 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with vacuum aspiration skin grafting, and the control group was treated with pressure dressing skin grafting. The clinical efficacy, clinical indicators, complications and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The clinical indexes of the observation group were better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The scores of quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion Vacuum aspiration skin grafting is effective in the treatment of patients with Ⅲ degree burn, which can effectively improve the clinical indicators, reduce the incidence of complications and improve the quality of life of patients.