Objective To analyze the effect of minimally invasive circumcision in the treatment of elderly patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 98 elderly patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from January to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 49 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional flap implantation, and the observation group was treated with minimally invasive circumcision. The incidence of adverse events, inflammatory stress response, pain mediator content, implant stability, bone resorption level and aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The indexes of inflammatory stress in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 3 days after operation ( P <0.05). The contents of pain mediators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 3 days after operation ( P <0.05). The stability of dental implants in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the bone resorption was lower than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The aesthetic scores of the observation group at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation were higher than those of the control group ( P <0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive circumcision is effective in the treatment of dentition defect in the elderly, which can promote bone resorption, improve tooth stability and aesthetics, and help reduce inflammatory stress response and pain.