Objective To construct the teaching system of "Human Anatomy" course which integrates the content of aesthetic education and gives full play to the educational function of the course. Methods The freshmen majoring in clinical medicine of 2021 grade in Jiangxi Medical College were selected as the research objects, while 122 students from class 1 of clinical medicine in 2021 grade were selected as the teaching reform group, and 121 students from class 2 of clinical medicine in 2021 grade were selected as the control group. The teaching reform group adopted the "three integration" teaching mode of "human anatomy" course based on aesthetic education, while the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode of "human anatomy" course. The comprehensive evaluation of teaching quality and the award-winning situation of anatomical drawing competition were compared between the two groups. Results The classroom learning score, final score, student evaluation and industry evaluation of the teaching reform group were better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The winning rate of anatomical drawing competition in the teaching reform group was 4.13%, which was higher than 1.65% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion The "three integration" teaching mode of "human anatomy" course based on aesthetic education can activate the aesthetic education function of "human anatomy" course, stimulate students' learning vitality, improve learning effect and improve teaching quality.