The main microvascular complication of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR). The low vision and blindness caused by DR have become an important factor affecting the recovery of diabetic patients. Diabetic macular edema (DME) mainly affects central vision and can occur in any stage of DR. With the deepening of the research on the pathogenesis of DME, a variety of new examination and treatment methods have emerged while using fundus color photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and traditional laser to diagnose and treat DME. This article will review the existing diagnosis and treatment methods of DME in order to provide reference for the future diagnosis and treatment of DME.