Objective To explore the e?ect of intratympanic injection of dexamethasone in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods A total of 80 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss admitted to Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2020 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and experimental group, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with alprostadil, and the experimental group was treated with intratympanic injection of dexamethasone on the basis of the control group. The pure tone average, the recovery time of clinical symptoms, serum index level and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The pure tone average of 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz in the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The duration of vertigo disappearance, hearing recovery, tinnitus disappearance and ear fullness disappearance in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the ET level in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the NO level was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 2.50%, which was lower than 17.50% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone is e?ective in the treatment of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which can e?ectively improve the pure tone average, reduce their clinical symptoms, shorten the recovery time and improve the quality of life. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse reactions after treatment is small and the safety is high.