Objective To investigate the aesthetic e?ect of autologous costal cartilage granule transplantation for augmentation rhinoplasty through closed approach. Methods A total of 90 patients with augmentation rhinoplasty admitted to our hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the di?erent surgical methods, they were divided into control group and study group, with 45 patients in each group. The control group was implanted with expanded polytetra?uoroethylene prosthesis for augmentation rhinoplasty, and the study group was implanted with autologous costal cartilage particles through closed approach for augmentation rhinoplasty. The aesthetic effect, nasal angle related indexes, incidence of complications and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total e?ective rate of aesthetics in the study group was 95.56%, which was higher than 77.78% in the control group, and the di?erence was statistically signifcant (P<0.05). The nasal frontal angle, nasal facial angle and nasal tip convexity of the study group were higher than those of the control group after 6 months of operation (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was 4.44%, which was lower than 17.78% in the control group, the di?erence was statistically signifcant (P<0.05). The patient satisfaction of the study group was 95.56%, which was higher than 77.78% of the control group, and the di?erence was statistically signifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with expanded polytetra?uoroethylene prosthesis implantation for augmentation rhinoplasty, autologous costal cartilage granule transplantation for augmentation rhinoplasty through closed approach is more conducive to improving aesthetic e?ects and is worth promoting in clinical practice.