To explore the effect of reasonable emotional behavior nursing mode intervention on patients in burn and plastic surgery department and its influence on their psychological state and quality of life. Methods A total of 62 patients admitted to the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ganquan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2022 to July 2023 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 31 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given reasonable emotional behavior nursing on this basis. The psychological state and quality of life of the two groups were compared. Results The scores of anxiety, depression, hostility, terror, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, psychosis and other factors (sleep) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The paranoid score of the observation group was slightly higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). The scores of physiological function, physical pain, general health, physiological function, emotional function, mental health, social function and activity in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of reasonable emotional behavior nursing intervention in burn and plastic surgery patients can improve their psychological state and quality of life, which is worthy of clinical application.