To explore the effects of modified complete denture restoration in patients with low and flat alveolar ridges. Methods A total of 68 patients with low and flat alveolar ridge admitted to Beijing Nuclear Industry Hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the different treatment time, the patients treated from March 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the reference group, and the patients treated from October 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study group, with 34 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with traditional complete denture restoration, and the study group was treated with modified complete denture restoration. The clinical efficacy, masticatory function and tooth aesthetics of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was 97.06%, which was higher than 82.35% in the reference group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The masticatory rate of the study group was higher than that of the reference group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The aesthetic score of the study group was higher than that of the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients with low and flat alveolar ridge, active implementation of modified complete denture restoration can achieve more ideal therapeutic effect, improve masticatory function and tooth aesthetics, which can be widely recognized and worthy of clinical application.