To investigate the knowledge of skin care and beauty care during pregnancy among pregnant women in our hospital, and to provide reference for improving the knowledge of skin care and beauty care during pregnancy among women of childbearing age. Methods A pre-designed self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 200 pregnant women in the obstetrics clinic and maternity ward of our hospital from February to July 2023. Results This study showed that the awareness rate of pregnant women about skin care and beauty knowledge during pregnancy was low, and the proportion of pregnant women with appearance anxiety during pregnancy was extremely high. There were 169 cases (84.50%) who believed that skin care products might have an impact on the health of mothers and children. There were 191 cases (95.50%) who believed that cosmetics might have an impact on the health of mothers and children. There were 158 pregnant women (79.00%) changed skin care products into skin care products available during pregnancy, 101 pregnant women (50.50%) said that they did not use cosmetics during pregnancy, and 166 pregnant women said that they had a need for beauty knowledge during pregnancy. These pregnant women most want to get guidance in the form of popular science videos and articles. Conclusion The awareness of skin care knowledge among women of childbearing age during pregnancy needs to be improved. The publicity of relevant knowledge should be strengthened. The preferred way of popular science is the Internet media. In addition, it is helpful to actively alleviate anxiety during pregnancy and strengthen psychological health care during pregnancy.