To explore the effect of psychological induction combined with behavioral nursing intervention in preschool children during the dental caries treatment. Methods From November 2021 to January 2023, 60 preschool children with dental caries admitted to the Department of Pediatric Stomatology of Xiangya Stomatological Hospital of Central South University were randomly divided into reference group and experimental group, with 30 children in each group. The reference group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was given psychological induction combined with behavioral nursing intervention. The family satisfaction, oral health status, bad mood and treatment coordination of the two groups were compared. Results The satisfaction score of family members in the experimental group was higher than that in the reference group (P <0.05). The scores of anxiety, depression and fear in the experimental group were better than those in the reference group (P <0.05). After intervention, the oral health score, oral pH value and oral infection rate of the experimental group were lower than those of the reference group (P <0.05). After intervention, the scores of pain and emotional deterioration in the experimental group were lower than those in the reference group, and the scores of role cognition and total cure rate were higher than those in the reference group (P <0.05). Conclusion Psychological induction combined with behavioral nursing intervention is effective in preschool children during the dental caries treatment, which can reduce the bad mood of children, improve their treatment cooperation, further optimize the oral health status, improve the treatment effect of dental caries, and the family members of children have higher satisfaction with the nursing mode.