To analyze the application effect of nano-composite resin material and light-curing composite resin material in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 52 patients with aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to Xixiu District People's Hospital of Anshun City from January to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into reference group and experimental group, with 26 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with light-curing composite resin materials for aesthetic restoration, and the experimental group was treated with nano-composite resin materials for aesthetic restoration. The repair effect, postoperative pain, periodontal health level and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The morphology, color and marginal occlusion scores of the restorations in the experimental group were higher than those in the reference group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The VAS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The GI and SBI scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the reference group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 11.54%, which was lower than 34.62% in the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of nano-composite resin material in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth is better than that of light-curing composite resin material, which can effectively improve the aesthetic restoration effect, reduce the level of pain and the risk of complications, and improve the periodontal condition of patients.