To observe the effect of zirconia all-ceramic teeth in dental aesthetic restoration. Methods A total of 70 patients with dental aesthetic restoration admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from September 2018 to September 2023 were selected as the study objects. They were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was given cobalt-chromium porcelain dental restoration, and the observation group was given zirconia all-ceramic dental restoration. Aesthetic effects, therapeutic effects, adverse reactions and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of tooth color, tooth shape, facial condition and overall aesthetics in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 100.00%, which was higher than 88.57% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The physiological function, physiological function, mental health, social function, vitality, emotional function, body pain and overall health level of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 2.86%, which was lower than 17.14% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of zirconia all-ceramic teeth in dental aesthetic restoration can improve the treatment effect, and the aesthetics is high. Meanwhile, it can reduce the risk of adverse reactions and improve the quality of life of patients, which is worthy of clinical application.