To analyze the cosmetic effects of orthodontic treatment combined with oral implantation in the treatment of dentition defects. Methods A total of 80 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the order of admission, they were divided into control group and study group, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with oral implantation, and the study group was treated with orthodontics combined with oral implantation. The oral function, cosmetic effect and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The scores of pronunciation function, masticatory function, swallowing function and fixation function in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The proportion of facial coordination, neat teeth and occlusal comfort in the study group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 7.50%, which was lower than 27.50% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with single oral implantation therapy, orthodontics combined with oral implantation therapy has a better effect on dentition defect. After treatment, the oral function recovery of patients is better, and the incidence of adverse reactions is lower, which is conducive to improving the aesthetics of teeth.