To analyze the effect of light-cured resin therapy in children with deciduous dental caries. Methods Sixty children with deciduous dental caries admitted to the Department of Stomatology of our hospital from April 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and study group, with 30 children in each group. The control group was treated with light-cured paste resin, and the study group was treated with light-cured flowable resin. The treatment effect, quality of life, aesthetics and comfort scores of the two groups were compared. Results The treatment success rate of the study group was 96.67%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The ECOHIS scale score of the study group was lower than that of the control group at 6 and 12 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The scores of aesthetics and comfort in the study group were higher than those in the control group at 6 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The success rate of light-cured flowable resin in the treatment of children with deciduous dental caries is high, which can improve the quality of life, improve the aesthetics and comfort of children.