To analyze the effects of composite skin graft and skin and soft tissue dilatation in burn plastic surgery patients. Methods A total of 62 BPS patients admitted to our clinic from June 2021 to June 2022 were randomly divided into group A and group B, with 31 patients in each group. Group A received CSG, group B received SSTD, and the efficacy, safety, clinical indicators, aesthetic satisfaction, quality of life and serum indicators of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment in group B was higher than that in group A, and the incidence of complications was lower than that in group A (P <0.05). The time of wound healing and blood flow recovery in group B were shorter than those in group A (P <0.05). The aesthetic satisfaction of group B was higher than that of group A (P <0.05). The SF-36 scores of group B were higher than those of group A (P <0.05). The level of ALB in group B was higher than that in group A, the levels of ICAM-1 and soluble E-selectin in group B were lower than those in group A (P <0.05). Conclusion The applicationeffect of SSTD in patients with BPS is good, which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, shorten the postoperative recovery time, improve the quality of life, meet the aesthetic needs of patients, and the incidence of complications is low.