To explore the clinical effect of visible light curing material on the repair of posterior tooth lesions. Methods A total of 80 patients with posterior tooth lesions admitted to our hospital from November 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with ordinary resin materials for the repair of posterior tooth lesions, and the observation group was treated with visible light curing materials for the repair of posterior tooth lesions. The clinical efficacy, treatment satisfaction and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total clinical effective rate of the observation group was 90.00%, which was higher than 70.00% of the control group (P <0.05). The total satisfaction rate of treatment in the observation group was 92.50%, which was higher than 70.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 7.50%, which was lower than 25.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion In the repair of posterior tooth lesions, visible light curing materials have the advantages of good clinical efficacy, high patient satisfaction and less adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical application