To explore the effect of two kinds of composite resins on the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in adolescents and its influence on the quality of life. Methods A total of 50 adolescent patients with aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to our hospital from July 2021 to July 2022 were selected and divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was repaired with nano-composite resin, and the observation group was repaired with light curing composite resin. The treatment effect, periodontal index, pain degree, complication rate, tooth aesthetics and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 96.00%, which was higher than 72.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Atrer treatment, the plaque index, gingival index and periodontal attachment level of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). The VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 1, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of each dimension of tooth aesthetics and quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion In the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth for adolescents, the repair effect, aesthetics and oral health status of light curing composite resin are better than those of nano-composite resin, with fewer complications and higher safety, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of life of patients.