To analyze the effect of PBL combined with CBL teaching method in the teaching of plastic and aesthetic surgery. Methods From October 2020 to October 2023, 40 interns of plastic and aesthetic surgery in our hospital were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 20 interns in each group. The control group adopted the conventional teaching mode, and the observation group adopted the PBL combined with CBL teaching method. The assessment results, teaching satisfaction and professional ability of the two groups were compared. Results The theoretical and practical scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The teaching satisfaction of the observation group was 90.00%, which was higher than 70.00% of the control group (P <0.05). The scores of design ability, autonomous learning ability, aesthetic ability, communication ability and strain ability of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion PBL combined with CBL teaching method has a good effect in the teaching of plastic and aesthetic surgery. It can improve the assessment results and professional ability of interns, which is conducive to improving the quality of personnel training, and the teaching satisfaction is at a high level.