To detect the levels of serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG in patients with urticaria in southeastern of Gansu, and to analyze their relationship with the incidence of urticaria, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 500 patients with urticaria admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the observation group, and 300 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG were compared between the two groups, and the positive rate was analyzed. Results The positive rate of allergen-specific IgG in the observation group was 92.00%, which was higher than 60.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), among the positive rates of food allergen-specific IgG, the positive rate of milk was the highest (80.43%). The positive rate of allergen total IgE in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), while the positive rate of tree combination, mugwort and egg white specific IgE was higher. Conclusion The levels of serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG in patients with urticaria are increased, which may be related to its pathogenesis. The common allergens are tree combination, mugwort, egg white, milk and so on.