Malocclusion refers to the abnormal condition of teeth in structure and function, which is an important disease in the oral field. At present, malocclusion can be divided into dental and skeletal malocclusion. Skeletal malocclusion refers to the pathological structural abnormalities of oral and maxillofacial bones (including maxilla and mandible, etc.) that are affected by congenital or acquired factors during growth and development. Skeletal malocclusion interacts with the anatomical structures of other individual parts during growth and development, especially with the abnormal anatomical structure of the cervical spine. In this paper, the classification of skeletal malocclusion is summarized, and the correlation between sagittal skeletal malocclusion and vertical skeletal malocclusion and cervical vertebra abnormality is analyzed in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.