Objective To explore the application effect of micro-implant anchorage in orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 80 orthodontic patients admitted to the oral clinic of our hospital from September 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into traditional group and micro group by double-blind method, with 40 patients in each group. The traditional group was treated with traditional methods, and the micro group was treated with micro implant anchorage. The tooth function, periodontal health, tooth structure and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of masticatory function, language function and fixation function in the micro group were higher than those in the traditional group (P <0.05). The plaque index, gingival sulcus bleeding index and gingival sulcus depth in the micro group were lower than those in the traditional group (P <0.05). The convex distance difference of the upper central incisors and the spacing of the canines in the micro group were larger than those in the traditional group, and the displacement distance of the molars was smaller than that in the traditional group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the micro group was 5.00%, which was lower than 27.50% in the traditional group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of micro implant anchorage in orthodontics can improve tooth function, periodontal health, tooth structure and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, which is worthy of application.