Objective To explore the application effect of electric microneedle combined with scalp nutrition dressing or minoxidil tincture in the treatment of patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods A total of 75 male AGA patients admitted to the dermatology clinic of our hospital from September 2020 to July 2023 were randomly divided into group A, group B and group C, with 25 patients in each group. Group A was treated with electric microneedle combined with scalp nutrition dressing, group B was treated with electric microneedle combined with 5% minoxidil tincture, and group C was treated with 5% minoxidil tincture alone. The clinical efficacy, complications, hair density and hair diameter of the three groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of group B was higher than that of group A and group C (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in group B and group C was higher than that in group A (P <0.05), while the incidence of complications in group B was lower than that in group C, but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). After treatment, the hair density and hair diameter of group A and group B were better than those of group C (P <0.05). Conclusion Electric microneedle combined with minoxidil tincture has the best effect in promoting hair growth, but the use of minoxidil tincture will increase the incidence of adverse reactions to a certain extent. In order to reduce the risk of complications, microneedle combined with scalp nutrition dressing can be selected according to the patient's condition, and its treatment effectiveness and safety are good.