Objective To investigate the effect of penetrating resin in the treatment of chalky white spots on the surface of orthodontic teeth in children. Methods A total of 80 patients with chalky white spots on the surface of orthodontic teeth admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were divided into control group and experimental group according to the treatment method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was given routine treatment, and the experimental group was treated with penetrating resin. The clinical efficacy, tooth surface roughness, oral beautification, masticatory function and treatment satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 95.00%, which was higher than 75.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the tooth surface roughness score of the two groups was lower than that before treatment, and the oral aesthetics score was higher than that before treatment, while the tooth surface roughness score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the oral aesthetics score was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency and bite force of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment, and those of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The satisfaction of family members in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion For children with chalky white spots on the surface of orthodontic teeth, penetrating resin can effectively improve their clinical symptoms, improve masticatory function, improve oral aesthetics, and family members have higher satisfaction with treatment.