Objective To investigate the anesthetic maintenance effect of sufentanil, propofol combined with dexmedetomidine in augmentation mammoplasty. Methods A total of 40 patients who underwent prosthetic breast augmentation in our hospital from January 2020 to November 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to different anesthesia methods, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 20 patients in each group. The control group was anesthetized with sufentanil and propofol, and the observation group was anesthetized with sufentanil and propofol combined with dexmedetomidine. The hemodynamic indexes [mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, SpO2 value], recovery quality indicators and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in SpO2 between the two groups (P >0.05). The MAP and HR of the two groups at T1 and T2 were lower than those at T0 (P <0.05). The MAP and HR at T3, T4, T5 and T6 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in basic fluid volume, blood loss and urine volume between the two groups (P >0.05). The liquid volume and total liquid volume of the impact test in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The recovery time and residence time in the resuscitation room of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion Sufentanil, propofol combined with dexmedetomidinecan maintain normal hemodynamics during augmentation mammaplasty, improve the quality of anesthesia recovery and safety of anesthesia, and reduce the risk of adverse events.