Objective: To analyze the effect of glass ionomer bonding agent and resin cement on the restoration of tooth defects and the evaluation of tooth aesthetics. Methods: 70 patients with tooth defects who visited our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected and divided into glass ionomer group (n=34) and cement group (n=36) according to different treatment methods. The glass ionomer group was treated with glass ionomer binder, while the cement group was treated with resin cement. The clinical efficacy, dental aesthetics score, sensitivity score, gingival crevicular inflammatory factors, total incidence of complications, and patient satisfaction between two groups were compared. Results: The clinical total effective rate and patient satisfaction of the cement group were higher than those of the glass ionomer group (P<0.05). After treatment, the dental aesthetics score of the cement group was higher than that of the glass ionomer group (P<0.05). The sensitivity score, gingival crevicular C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and total incidence of complications of the cement group were lower than those of the glass ionomer group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resin cement can effectively improve the repair effect of tooth defects and tooth aesthetics, reduce sensitivity and gingival crevicular inflammation, lower the incidence of complications, and improve patient satisfaction.