Objective To study the clinical effect of fixed and removable dentures in the repair of dentition defect and its influence on aesthetic effect. Methods A total of 56 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology of our hospital from February 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 28 patients in each group. The control group was repaired with simple removable denture, and the observation group was repaired with removable+fixed denture. The clinical effect, masticatory efficiency, gingival sulcus bleeding index score and aesthetic satisfaction score were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group w as 96.43%, w hich was higher than 78.57% in the control group ( P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 2 and 3 months after treatment (P <0.05). After treatment, the score of gingival sulcus bleeding index in the two groups was lower than that before treatment, and that in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the aesthetic satisfaction score in the two groups was higher than that before treatment, and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients with dentition defect, fixed and removable denture has a good clinical effect, which can improve the masticatory efficiency and the periodontal health status of patients, and patients have higher aesthetic satisfaction.