Objective To analyze the value of serum specific IgE detection in the screening and diagnosis of patients with allergic skin diseases. Methods A total of 76 patients with allergic skin diseases diagnosed and treated in our hospital from August 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the allergic group, and 76 people without allergic skin diseases who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The positive rate of serum specific IgE in the two groups was detected by immunoblotting. Results The total positive rate of serum specific IgE antibody in the allergic group was 92.11%, which was higher than 2.63% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The total positive rate of inhaled antigen in the allergic group was 44.74%, which was higher than 2.63% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The total positive rate of ingestive antigen in the allergic group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Serum specific IgE detection is of great value in the etiological diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic skin diseases.