Objective To explore the effect of targeted nursing during the perioperative period for female patients with unshaven hair transplantation. Methods A total of 80 female patients who underwent anterior hairline hair transplantation in our hospital from March 2021 to May 2023 were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the study group was given targeted nursing. The survival rate of hair follicles, nursing satisfaction, psychological state, incidence of complications and pain degree were compared between the two groups. Results The survival rate of hair follicles in the study group was higher than that in the control group at 6 months after operation (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in the survival rate of hair follicles between the two groups at 9 months after operation (P >0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the study group was 100.00%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group (P <0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after nursing were lower than those before nursing, and those of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was 5.00%, which was lower than 22.50% in the control group (P <0.05). The VAS score of the study group at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of targeted nursing during the perioperative period for female patients with unshaven hair transplantation is effective, which can improve the survival rate of early hair follicles, effectively reduce the risk of postoperative complications and pain, alleviate the anxiety and depression of patients, and improve nursing satisfaction.