Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common clinical skin disease in children. It has the characteristics of long treatment cycle and repeated attacks, which has a negative impact on the growth and development of children. The pathogenesis of AD has not yet reached a unified conclusion. It is generally believed that the occurrence of AD is related to genetic, allergic, immune and other factors, and the complexity of the etiology further increases the difficulty of the treatment of the disease. In addition, the manifestations of AD in children are different, and the morphology and distribution of rashes are different, which increases the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. This article will review the pathogenesis and drug treatment of AD in children for future clinical treatment reference.