Objective To analyze the application effect and aesthetic value of dental implant technology in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 220 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Laizhou Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, with 110 patients in each group. The control group was given traditional restoration, and the experimental group was given dental implant technology. The stability and aesthetics, masticatory function, gingival status, complications and satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results The scores of stability and aesthetics of the restorations in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency and bite force of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The bleeding index and gingival index of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 3.64%, which was lower than 11.82% in the control group (P <0.05). The satisfaction of the experimental group was 95.45%, which was higher than 85.45% of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of dental implant technology in patients with dentition defect is effective. It can restore the normal chewing function and gingival state of patients, and the stability and aesthetics of the prosthesis are good. Meanwhile, the incidence of complications after repair is small and the safety is high.