Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle nursing in patients with alopecia areata treated with nanomicroneedles. Methods A total of 80 patients with alopecia areata admitted to our hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given quality control circle nursing. The clinical efficacy, hair condition, psychological state, satisfaction and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results The hair density and thickness of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). After intervention, the total effective rate of the observation group was 100.00%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group (P <0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The satisfaction rate of the observation group was 100.00%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group (P <0.05). The recurrence rate of the observation group was 2.50%, which was lower than 20.00% of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of quality control circle nursing in patients with alopecia areata treated with nano-microneedles is definite, which can effectively alleviate the bad mood of patients, improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the recurrence rate. It is worthy of clinical application.