Objective To study the effect of orthodontic treatment in patients with maxillary impacted teeth. Methods Sixty patients with maxillary impacted teeth who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group according to the random lottery method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with surgical guided eruption surgery, and the observation group was treated with orthodontic adjuvant therapy on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, aesthetics, pain degree and quality of life of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.67%, which was higher than 76.67% of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the PES score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P <0.05). The scores of all dimensions of quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion For maxillary impacted teeth, surgical treatment combined with orthodontic treatment is beneficial to improve oral aesthetics, reduce pain and improve quality of life of patients. The clinical application effect is good.