Objective To explore the application of minimally invasive extraction combined with gingivoplasty in the aesthetic restoration of dentures. Methods A total of 98 patients who underwent aesthetic restoration of dentures in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected and divided into control group (n =49) and study group (n =49) according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with routine tooth extraction, and the study group was treated with minimally invasive tooth extraction combined with gingivoplasty. The changes of gingival margin morphology, aesthetic effect, implant stability, inflammatory response, periodontal condition index and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The morphological changes of gingival margin in the study group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The PES score and ISQ score of the study group were higher than those of the control group at 4 months after operation (P <0.05). The levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 4 months after operation (P <0.05). The probing depth, plaque index score and bleeding index of the study group were lower than those of the control group at 4 months after operation (P <0.05). The satisfaction of the study group (97.96%) was better than that of the control group (83.67%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The patients with aesthetic restoration of dentures have been treated with minimally invasive extraction combined with gingivoplasty, and their gingival margin morphological changes, aesthetic effects, implant stability, inflammatory response, and periodontal conditions have been effectively improved, and the degree of satisfaction is high.