Objective To analyze the effect of nursing intervention based on self-care behavior research on the diagnosis and treatment effect, adverse emotions and quality of life of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods A total of 80 patients with psoriasis vulgaris admitted to our hospital from June 2021 to September 2022 were randomly divided into routine group and observation group, with 40 patients in each group. The routine group was given routine nursing intervention, and the observation group was given nursing intervention based on self-care behavior research. The nursing efficiency, adverse emotions and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of nursing in the observation group was higher than that in the routine group (P <0.05). After nursing, the HAMA and HAMD scores of the routine group were lower than those of the routine group, and the SF-36 score was higher than that of the routine group (P <0.05). Conclusion Nursing intervention based on self-care behavior research for patients with psoriasis vulgaris can improve skin lesions, reduce patients' adverse emotions and improve their quality of life.