Objective To analyze the influencing factors of oral infection after oral implantation. Methods The clinical data of 78 patients with dentition defect who underwent oral implantation from April 2023 to April 2024 in Zhang Yaosheng Hospital Management Co., Ltd. were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 33 patients with postoperative oral infection were used as the infection group, and 45 patients without infection after successful oral implantation were used as the uninfected group. The factors of infection after oral implantation surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in smoking habits, diabetes mellitus, history of periodontal disease, and prosthetic material between the two groups (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in age, tooth loss time, number of missing teeth, implant position, implant length and implant diameter between the two groups (P >0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking habits, diabetes mellitus, and a history of periodontal disease were the influencing factors of infection after oral implantation (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of infection in patients after oral implantation is high, and it is closely related to diabetes mellitus, history of periodontal disease, and smoking habits. Clinical intervention measures should be taken against these influencing factors to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection.