Objective To study the effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown and cobalt-chromium alloy porcelain crown in the repair of maxillary anterior teeth. Methods Sixty patients with maxillary anterior teeth defect admitted to Xi'an Langco Oral Medical Management Co., Ltd. Yanta Dental Clinic from April 2021 to November 2022 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with cobalt-chromium alloy porcelain crown restoration, and the observation group was treated with zirconia all-ceramic crown restoration. The repair effect, gingival index, masticatory function, and detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the repair effect between the two groups (P >0.05). The gingival index and masticatory function of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). The detection rates of Fg, Fn, Tf and Aa in gingival crevicular fluid in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in Pi between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion In the repair and treatment of maxillary anterior teeth, the effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown and cobalt-chromium alloy porcelain crown is equivalent, but zirconia all-ceramic crown is superior to cobalt-chromium alloy porcelain crown in improving gingival index and chewing effect, and reducing the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid.