Postherpetic neuralgia is a sequelae of recurrent pain after herpes zoster, and the course of disease can last for many years. The main feature of patients with clinical postherpetic neuralgia is unilateral neuropathic pain, which will have a serious impact on the patient's life and psychology. At present, the pathogenesis of postherpetic neuralgia is not completely clear, which may be related to factors such as central nervous system, mental factors, and pathological lesions of peripheral nerves. Therefore, there is no specific clinical treatment method, and the overall treatment effect is relatively poor. This article starts with the pathogenesis of postherpetic neuralgia and reviews the current status of treatment.