Objective To analyze the effect of cetirizine hydrochloride combined with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic urticaria and its effect on the level of inflammatory factors. Methods A total of 80 patients with chronic urticaria admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with cetirizine hydrochloride, and the observation group was treated with cetirizine hydrochloride combined with compound glycyrrhizin. The disappearance time of clinical symptoms, the level of inflammatory factors, the therapeutic effect, the incidence of adverse reactions and the recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results The disappearance time of clinical symptoms in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-23 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 97.50%, which was higher than 75.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (2.50%) was lower than that in the control group (22.50%), and the recurrence rate was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of cetirizine hydrochloride combined with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic urticaria is more effective, which can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and the recurrence rate of the disease, improve the level of inflammatory factors in the body, and accelerate the disappearance of clinical symptoms. It has high clinical application value.