Objective To analyze the effect of nano-composite resin repair on periodontal health index and aesthetic degree of patients with anterior teeth defect. Methods From January 2023 to January 2024, 50 patients with anterior teeth defect admitted to Department of Stomatology, Lihu Street Community Health Service Center were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the reference group and the experimental group, with 25 patients in each group. The reference group was repaired with light-cured composite resin, and the experimental group was repaired with nanocomposite resin. The clinical efficacy, tooth aesthetic degree, periodontal health indicators and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 96.00%, which was higher than 76.00% in the reference group (P <0.05). After treatment, the WES and PES scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the reference group (P <0.05). The GI, PLI and SBI scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the reference group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 4.00%, which was lower than 24.00% in the reference group (P <0.05). Conclusion Nano-composite resin repair can improve the repair effect of patients with anterior teeth defect, with high aesthetic degree of teeth, good periodontal health after treatment, and low risk of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.