Objective To observe the effect of tooth extraction site preservation technology in patients with anterior dental implantation and its influence on alveolar bone mass and alveolar aesthetics. Methods From January 2022 to December 2023, 50 patients who underwent anterior dental implantation in the Department of Oral Implantology of our hospital were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was given routine treatment, and the experimental group was given tooth extraction site preservation technology. The inflammation index, alveolar bone mass index, alveolar aesthetic index and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of E2, TNF-α and IL-6 in the two groups were lower than those immediately after tooth extraction, and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The alveolar bone height, alveolar bone width and alveolar bone density of the two groups after anterior teeth implantation were lower than those immediately after tooth extraction, but those in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The PES and WES indexes of the two groups after anterior tooth implantation were higher than those immediately after tooth extraction, and those in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 8.00%, which was lower than 28.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of tooth extraction site preservation technology in patients with anterior dental implantation is effective, which can effectively alleviate the inflammatory reaction, improve the alveolar bone mass index and alveolar aesthetic index, and help to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.