Objective To compare the effect of non-bracket invisible orthodontic appliance and self-locking bracket orthodontic appliance in patients with orthodontics. Methods A total of 70 patients who received orthodontic treatment at Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiren Hospital from February 2020 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects. According to different orthodontic treatment, they were divided into the control group (n =31) and the observation group (n =39). The control group was treated with self-locking bracket orthodontic appliance, and the observation group was treated with non-bracket invisible orthodontic appliance. The pain level, occlusal function and teeth correction time were compared between the two groups. Results The score of VAS in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 3, 5 and 7 days after using orthodontic appliance (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups at 15 days after using orthodontic appliance (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the total value of the total occlusion force, occlusal contact number, occlusal force asymmetry index and maximum occlusal force between the two groups after treatment (P >0.05). The orthodontic time in the observation group was longer than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of non-bracket invisible orthodontic appliance and self-locking bracket orthodontic appliance in orthodontic patients can obtain good effect, and the improvement effect on occlusal function is comparable, but compared with self-locking bracket orthodontic appliance, using non-bracket invisible orthodontic appliance is less painful, and the correction time is relatively longer.