Objective To analyze the antibacterial efficacy and safety of orthodontic micro-implant anchorage with different materials. Methods From January to June 2023, 15 male rabbits were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into group A, group B and group C by random number table method, with 5 rabbits in each group. Group A was given stainless steel micro-implant anchorage, group B was given titanium alloy micro-implant anchorage, and group C was given titanium nitride coated on stainless steel micro-implant anchorage. Subsequently, the three groups were examined in animal experiments, and the antimicrobial performance and safety of the microimplant branching resistance were compared among the three groups. Results The level of TNF-α in group C was lower than that in group A and group B at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after implantation, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The displacement rate of anchorage in group C was lower than that in group A and group B (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in the shedding rate among the three groups (P >0.05). Conclusion In orthodontic treatment, titanium nitride coated on stainless steel micro-implant anchorage can enhance the antibacterial efficacy and reduce the displacement rate of micro-implant anchorage.