Objective To investigate the clinical effect of high translucent zirconia all-ceramic crown for single anterior teeth defect repair and its influence on periodontal health and periodontal aesthetics. Methods A total of 70 patients with single anterior teeth defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Yu Garden Community Health Care Service Center in Huangpu District from January 2020 to January 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the different repair schemes, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was repaired with Co-Cr porcelain crown porcelain crown, and the observation group was repaired with high translucent zirconia all-ceramic crown. The short-term clinical efficacy, periodontal health indexes, aesthetics effect and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of short-term treatment in the observation group was 94.29%, which was higher than 91.43% in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After treatment, the periodontal pocket probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL) and gingival index (GI) in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of morphology matching and color matching in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 2.86%, which was lower than 20.00% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion High translucent zirconia all-ceramic crown can achieve good short-term clinical and aesthetics effect in single anterior teeth defect repair, which is conducive to improving patients' periodontal health, and it is safe and reliable.