Objective To investigate the aesthetic effects of Shofu resin and light-curing composite resin material in the restoration of anterior teeth defect and its effects on masticatory function. Methods From January 2022 to January 2024, 86 patients with anterior teeth defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Wujin District Hutang Town Minghuang Health Service Centre were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into control group and observation group by the random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. The control group was restored with light-curing composite resin, and the observation group was restored with Shofu resin. The aesthetic restoration effect, masticatory function and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of aesthetic restoration in the observation group was 95.35%, which was higher than 79.07% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the occlusal force and masticatory efficiency in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 4.65%, which was lower than 25.58% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with light-curing composite resin material, Shofu resin can more effectively improve the aesthetic restoration effect and masticatory function of patients with anterior teeth defect, and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions such as microleakage, filling shedding and tooth sensitivity.