Objective To compared the effects of immediate implant restoration and residual root preservation restoration for the treatment of anterior teeth defect. Methods A total of 56 patients who underwent restoration treatment for anterior teeth defect in our hospital from June 2020 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into control group and observation group by the random number table method, with 28 patients in each group. The control group was treated with residual root preservation restoration, and the observation group was treated with immediate implant restoration. The oral function, masticatory function, treatment satisfaction and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of comfort, aesthetics, linguistic function and retention in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of masticatory pain, masticatory speed, masticatory stability and masticatory efficiency were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of the overall aesthetics, attachment height, masticatory function and appearance color satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The complication rate in the observation group was 7.14%, which was lower than 17.86% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effects of immediate implant restoration and residual root preservation restoration in the treatment of anterior teeth defect are different, but the effect of immediate implant restoration is more ideal, which can improve the masticatory function and treatment satisfaction, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the oral function. It is worthy of clinical application.