Objective To explore the effects of costal cartilage nasal stent plasty and silicone prosthesis rhinoplasty on postoperative aesthetics in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. Methods A total of 70 patients with rhinoplasty admitted to Kuiwen Medical Beauty Outpatient Department of Weifang Century Huazhong Medical Beauty Co., Ltd. from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into control group and observation group by the random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was treated with silicone prosthesis rhinoplasty, and the observation group was treated with costal cartilage nasal stent plasty. The surgical effect, satisfaction, psychological state, complications and effect maintenance were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the transverse diameter of the nostril, the longitudinal diameter of the nostril, and the distance between the nasal alar base and the facial midline in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the height of the nasal sill was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). The satisfaction scores of nasal appearance aesthetics, nasal tip and saturation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.86%, which was lower than 20.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The excellent proportion of effect maintenance in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Costal cartilage nasal stent plasty has a good effect in patients with rhinoplasty. It can improve the surgical effect, enhance patient' satisfaction, improve their psychological state, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.